{"id":46281,"date":"2023-07-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-01T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/?p=46281"},"modified":"2023-08-31T11:59:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-31T16:59:15","slug":"fundamental-stereo-miking-techniques","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/fundamental-stereo-miking-techniques\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundamental Stereo Miking Techniques"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"produ-leaderboard-placement\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;text-align: center;margin-bottom: 30px!important;\" id=\"produ-2218163064\"><script async=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/securepubads.g.doubleclick.net\/tag\/js\/gpt.js\"><\/script>\n<script> var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];<\/script>\n<div id=\"gpt-ad-1648487007174-0\">\n  <script>\n\tgoogletag.cmd.push(function() {\n\t\t\t\tgoogletag.defineSlot( '\/21927241144\/728x90-Leaderboard', [728,90], 'gpt-ad-1648487007174-0' )\n\t\t.addService(googletag.pubads());\n\t\t\t\twindow.advadsGamEmptySlotsTimers = window.advadsGamEmptySlotsTimers || {};\n\t\tconst timers                     = window.advadsGamEmptySlotsTimers;\n\n\t\ttimers['gpt-ad-1648487007174-0'] = setTimeout( function () {\n\t\t\tconst id = 'gpt-ad-1648487007174-0';\n\t\t\tdocument.dispatchEvent( new CustomEvent( 'aagam_empty_slot', {detail: id} ) );\n\t\t\tdelete ( timers[id] );\n\t\t}, 1000 );\n\n\t\tif ( typeof window.advadsGamHasEmptySlotListener === 'undefined' ) {\n\t\t\tgoogletag.pubads().addEventListener( 'slotRequested', function ( ev ) {\n\t\t\t\tconst id = ev.slot.getSlotElementId();\n\t\t\t\tif ( typeof timers[id] === 'undefined' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tclearTimeout( timers[id] );\n\t\t\t\ttimers[id] = setTimeout( function () {\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.dispatchEvent( new CustomEvent( 'aagam_empty_slot', {detail: id} ) );\n\t\t\t\t\tdelete ( timers[id] );\n\t\t\t\t}, 2500 );\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\tgoogletag.pubads().addEventListener( 'slotResponseReceived', function ( ev ) {\n\t\t\t\tconst id = ev.slot.getSlotElementId();\n\t\t\t\tif ( typeof timers[id] !== 'undefined' ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tclearTimeout( timers[id] );\n\t\t\t\t\tdelete ( timers[id] );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\tif ( ! ev.slot.getResponseInformation() ) {\n\t\t\t\t\tdocument.dispatchEvent( new CustomEvent( 'aagam_empty_slot', {detail: id} ) );\n\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\twindow.advadsGamHasEmptySlotListener = true;\n\t\t}\n\n\t\tgoogletag.enableServices();\n\t\tgoogletag.display( 'gpt-ad-1648487007174-0' );\n\t} );\n  <\/script>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><p>Stereo miking techniques use two microphones at the same time to record one sound source. Each microphone is then panned to the left and to the right to mimic the way our ears perceive sound in the &#8220;real world.&#8221; This adds width, space, and location to a recording.<\/p>\n<p>Stereo miking more closely replicates what we hear with our own ears because it creates positioning in the left and right channels, and adds ambience to the recorded signal. Versus a single microphone in a typical mono set-up, stereo miking techniques provide the listener &#8220;images&#8221; in regards to the location of an instrument(s) in the recording. What comes through the left channel is heard there, and what comes through the right is perceived on the right.<\/p>\n<p>Stereo miking relies on the<a href=\"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/simple-ways-to-increase-loudness-in-your-mix\/\"> fundamentals<\/a> of sound localization \u2014 or, the science behind how we perceive sound.\u00a0<em>Interaural Timing Differences<\/em>\u00a0(ITD) mean we perceive sounds physically closer to our left ear slightly before they reach our right ear and vice versa.\u00a0<em>Interaural Intensity Differences<\/em>\u00a0(IID) mean a sound source located on one side of the head appears louder to the ear nearest the source.<\/p>\n<p>The way our brain analyzes and locates sound forms the basis for stereo miking techniques.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46282\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46282\" style=\"width: 870px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-46282 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques.jpg\" alt=\"Fundamental Stereo Miking Techniques_2\" width=\"870\" height=\"772\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques.jpg 870w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-600x532.jpg 600w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-768x681.jpg 768w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-80x71.jpg 80w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-304x270.jpg 304w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-254x225.jpg 254w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-192x170.jpg 192w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-320x284.jpg 320w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-169x150.jpg 169w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-770x683.jpg 770w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-40x35.jpg 40w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-160x142.jpg 160w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-20x18.jpg 20w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-609x540.jpg 609w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-18x16.jpg 18w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-683x606.jpg 683w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-16x14.jpg 16w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-383x340.jpg 383w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-11x10.jpg 11w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-640x568.jpg 640w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-338x300.jpg 338w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-10x9.jpg 10w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Stereo-Miking-Techniques-385x342.jpg 385w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46282\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image courtesy of Shure.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>A\/B Spaced Pairs<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The most basic technique is the spaced pair, or A\/B. This one takes two of the same microphones (usually omnidirectional or cardioid) pointed at the sound source about 3 to 10 feet apart. Their capsules should be in the same plane. In your DAW, you&#8217;d pan the left and right microphones accordingly.<\/p>\n<p>A spaced pair creates a wide, almost unnatural stereo image. This is because the microphones are spaced up to several feet apart, whereas our ears are spaced only several inches apart on our heads. The ITD and IID is quite substantial then, and this can be a desirable effect.<\/p>\n<p>Spaced pairs are commonly used to record ensembles, though the sound coming from the middle of the stage sometimes isn&#8217;t as defined as what&#8217;s coming from the left and right, depending on how far apart the microphones are.<\/p>\n<p><strong>X\/Y Coincident\u00a0<\/strong><b>Pair\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46284 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3.png\" alt=\"Fundamental Stereo Miking Techniques_3\" width=\"400\" height=\"440\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3.png 400w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-68x75.png 68w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-245x270.png 245w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-205x225.png 205w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-155x170.png 155w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-320x352.png 320w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-136x150.png 136w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-318x350.png 318w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-40x44.png 40w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-16x18.png 16w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-160x176.png 160w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-15x16.png 15w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-384x422.png 384w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-13x14.png 13w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-309x340.png 309w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-9x10.png 9w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-20x22.png 20w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-273x300.png 273w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-8x9.png 8w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_3-385x424.png 385w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Spaced pairs create some problems with phase cancellation because of the extreme timing differences between what each mic is picking up. The way around this is to use a coincident, or X\/Y, pair of cardioid microphones.<\/p>\n<p>Timing differences are minimized by placed each mic capsule in the same physical location. This is achieved by creating a 90\u00b0 to 135\u00b0 angle with the capsules \u2014 usually one mic on top of the other as close together as possible.<\/p>\n<p>A coincident pair eliminates timing differences, so the stereo image isn&#8217;t nearly as wide as with a spaced pair. However, there are still some IIDs which create a tight, focused stereo image. X\/Y is one of the most commonly used stereo miking techniques.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>SEE ALSO: <a href=\"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/mid-side-miking-techniques\/\">Decoding Mid\/Side Miking Techniques<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>ORTF Near-Coincident Pair\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46285 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4.png\" alt=\"Fundamental Stereo Miking Techniques_4\" width=\"400\" height=\"218\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4.png 400w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-80x44.png 80w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-320x174.png 320w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-312x170.png 312w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-275x150.png 275w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-40x22.png 40w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-160x87.png 160w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-20x11.png 20w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-17x9.png 17w, https:\/\/producelikeapro.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Fundamental-Stereo-Miking-Techniques_4-385x210.png 385w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>ORTF stands for Office de Radiodiffusion T\u00e9l\u00e9vision Fran\u00e7aise, who invented the technique as an alternative to X\/Y \u2014 it has the same advantages without the disadvantages.<\/p>\n<p>Rather than placing each capsule right on top of the other as in X\/Y, they&#8217;re placed end-to-end and pointed outwards at a 110\u00b0 angle. The capsules should still be in the same horizontal plane, but they are pointed much more widely outward than with a coincident pair.<\/p>\n<p>This is fairly close to the way our ears are positioned on our head. ORTF is one of our stereo miking techniques meant to closely emulate the way we hear, replicating both ITDs and IIDs to create a natural sounding stereo image.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mid-Side or M\/S Coincident Pair<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the most interesting stereo miking techniques is mid-side, or M\/S. With this one, you place a cardioid microphone (mid) in the center and point it at the sound source. This mic picks up the mono sound just like any microphone would. Then, you take a bi-directional mic for the &#8220;side&#8221; position. You would place it just under the mid mic so it&#8217;s facing left and right opposite the center microphone. This one picks up ambience and positional information.<\/p>\n<p>The signals from the mid and side mics have to be routed through a small matrix circuit that combines them in specific ways so that you get a left channel output and a right channel output.<\/p>\n<p>Mid-side recording gives you great positional accuracy because it&#8217;s a coincident pair. Also, if you change the level of the side mic, you can control the overall stereo image. In other words, you can control the amount of ambience while mixing.<\/p>\n<div class=\"flex-video widescreen youtube\">\n<div class=\"container-lazyload preview-lazyload container-youtube js-lazyload--not-loaded\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YlDXjWS9xF0\" class=\"lazy-load-youtube preview-lazyload preview-youtube\" data-video-title=\"Acoustic Guitar Miking Techniques | FAQ Friday - Warren Huart: Produce Like A Pro\" title=\"Play video &quot;Acoustic Guitar Miking Techniques | FAQ Friday - Warren Huart: Produce Like A Pro&quot;\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YlDXjWS9xF0<\/a><noscript>Video can&#8217;t be loaded because JavaScript is disabled: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YlDXjWS9xF0\" title=\"Acoustic Guitar Miking Techniques | FAQ Friday - Warren Huart: Produce Like A Pro\">Acoustic Guitar Miking Techniques | FAQ Friday &#8211; Warren Huart: Produce Like A Pro (https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YlDXjWS9xF0)<\/a><\/noscript><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stereo miking techniques use two microphones at the same time to record one sound source. Each microphone is then panned to the left and to the right to mimic the way our ears perceive sound in the &#8220;real world.&#8221; This adds width, space, and location to a recording. Stereo miking more closely replicates what we&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":46286,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-audio-engineering"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fundamental Stereo Miking Techniques - Produce Like A Pro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"?? 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